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This dashboard allows you to interact with first-of-its-kind quantifiable data on People's Republic of China's (PRC) global public diplomacy efforts from a series of AidData's reports (i.e.,Ties That Bind, Influencing the Narrative, Silk Road Diplomacy, Listening to Leaders 2021 and Corridors of Power) and datasets (i.e., AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset, Version 2.0 and China Global Public Diplomacy Dataset Version 1.6). This includes metrics for five types of public diplomacy (i.e., financial, cultural, elite-to-elite, exchange, informational diplomacy) and PRC technical assistance initiatives. It also includes several measures of how China is perceived by leaders in countries that receive its Public Diplomacy overtures. Using this dashboard, you can create custom data sets, maps, and graphs based on the type of public diplomacy, recipient countries, and time periods in which you are specifically interested.

You can access further information regarding the reports upon which this dashboard is based below:

Ties That Bind: Published by AidData in 2018 this report quantified China’s financial, cultural, exchange, and elite-to-elite diplomacy in East Asia and the Pacific.

Custer, S., Russell, B. DiLorenzo, M., Cheng, M., Ghose, S., Sims, J., Turner, J., and H. Desai. (2018). Ties That Bind: Quantifying China’s public diplomacy and its "good neighbor" effect. Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary.

Report Data Sources
Official Finance(Financial Diplomacy): Relevant projects from the AidData Global Chinese Official Finance Dataset (version 1.0) between 2000-2014. We replicated the data collection methodology to extend the coverage to 2016 throughout all of the EAP.

Confucius Institutes(Cultural Diplomacy): 2004-2014 global dataset provided by Xiang and Huang (2015). We extended the dataset for 2015-2016 in East Asia and the Pacific using the Hanban website and targeted internet searches.

Total Elite Visits(Elite-to-Elite Diplomacy): China Foreign Affairs Yearbooks from 2000-2015. AidData compiled visits of all levels from the chapter of "China’s Relations with Diplomatic Countries" from each yearbook. 2016 yearbook was not available at the time of data collection for this project.

Sister Cities Established(Exchange Diplomacy): We used the data provided by China International Friendship Cities Association, n.d. and supplemented it using targeted web searches for Japan and Malaysia.

Influencing the Narrative: Published by AidData in 2019 this report quantified China’s exchange and informational diplomacy in East Asia and the Pacific.

Custer, S., Prakash, M., Solis, J., Knight, R., and J. Lin. (2019). Influencing the Narrative: How the Chinese government mobilizes students and media to burnish its image. Williamsburg, VA. AidData at William & Mary.

Report Data Sources
Chinese Students Studying in Country: We queried United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization's Institute for Statistics database for global tertiary student flows for Chinese origin.

Students Inbound to China: This is an original AidData compiled dataset made by translating information in Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Yearbooks.

Ambassador Op-Eds: This is an original AidData compiled dataset made by translating information in Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Yearbooks.

Journalist Visits to China: This is an original AidData compiled dataset made by translating information in Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Yearbooks and supplementing them with announcements made in the news sections of Chinese embassy websites of EAP countries.

Media Partnerships: This data was originally created by Emily Feng (2018) for her article in the Financial Times. We validated this data and fixed some errors in the mapping of partnerships to countries.

Silk Road Diplomacy: Published by AidData in 2019 this report quantified China’s financial, cultural, exchange, and elite-to-elite diplomacy in South and Central Asia.

Custer, S., Sethi, T., Solis, J., Lin, J., Ghose, S., Gupta, A., Knight, R., and A. Baehr. (2019). Silk Road Diplomacy: Deconstructing Beijing’s toolkit to influence South and Central Asia. Williamsburg, VA. AidData at William & Mary.

Report Data Sources
Official Finance(Financial Diplomacy): Relevant projects from the AidData Global Chinese Official Finance Dataset (version 1.0) between 2000-2014. We replicated the data collection methodology to extend the coverage to 2016 throughout all of the SCA.

Total Elite Visits(Elite-to-Elite Diplomacy): China Foreign Affairs Yearbooks from 2000-2017. AidData compiled visits of all levels from the chapter of "China’s Relations with Diplomatic Countries" from each yearbook. Data on military visits was drawn from Allen et al. (2017), available for download here.

Students Inbound to China(Exchange Diplomacy): This is an original AidData compiled dataset made by translating information in Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Yearbooks and Chinese Embassy websites.

Journalist Visits to China(Informational Diplomacy): This is an original AidData compiled dataset made by translating information in Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs Yearbooks and supplementing them with announcements made in the news sections of Chinese embassy websites of SCA countries.

Listening to Leaders 2021: Published by AidData in 2021 this report analyzed the results of a survey of public, private and civil society leaders worldwide on their top development priorities; the development partners with whom they worked; and how they rated these partners' performance across multiple dimensions.

Custer, S., Sethi, T., Knight, R., Hutchinson, A., Choo, V., and M. Cheng. (2021). Listening to Leaders 2021: A report card for development partners in an era of contested cooperation. Williamsburg, VA. AidData at William & Mary.

Report Data Sources
AidData's 2020 Listening to Leaders Survey

Corridors of Power: Published by AidData in 2021 this report quantified China's public diplomacy efforts at the subnational level, explored China's cultural public diplomacy efforts, and social media diplomacy in South and Central Asia.

Custer, S., Schon, J., Horigoshi, A., Mathew, D., Burgess, B., Choo, V., Hutchinson, A., Baehr, A., and K. Marshall (2021). Corridors of Power: How does Beijing exert influence along the Silk Road? December 13, 2021. Williamsburg, VA. AidData at William & Mary.

Report Data Sources
Sister Cities Established(Exchange Diplomacy): We used the data provided by China International Friendship Cities Association, n.d.. This dataset was geocoded by AidData.

Confucius Institutes(Cultural Diplomacy): Collected using the Hanban website, Hanban Annual Reports, and targeted internet searches. This dataset was geocoded by AidData.

AidData's Global Chinese Development Finance Dataset, Version 2.0: Published by AidData in 2021. This uniquely granular dataset captures 13,427 development projects worth $843 billion financed by more than 300 Chinese government institutions and state-owned entities across 165 countries in every major region of the world from 2000-2017.

Custer, S., Dreher, A., Elston, T.B., Fuchs, A., Ghose, S., Lin, J., Malik, A., Parks, B.C., Russell, B., Solomon, K., Strange, A., Tierney, M.J., Walsh, K., Zaleski, L., and Zhang, S. 2021. Tracking Chinese Development Finance: An Application of AidData’s TUFF 2.0 Methodology. Williamsburg, VA: AidData at William & Mary.

China Global Public Diplomacy Indicators Dataset, Version 1.6: Published by AidData in 2022. This dataset provides a quantitative look into the global public diplomacy activities of the People's Republic of China (PRC).

AidData. 2022. China Global Public Diplomacy Indicators Dataset, Version 1.6.

Data Sources
Confucius Institutes(Cultural Diplomacy): Collected using the Hanban website, Hanban Annual Reports, and targeted internet searches. This dataset was geocoded by AidData.

Confucius Classrooms (Cultural Diplomacy): Collected using the Hanban website, Hanban Annual Reports, and targeted internet searches.

Total Elite Visits (Elite to Elite): China Foreign Affairs Yearbooks

Outbound Student Exchange (Exchange Diplomacy): UNESCO UIS

Inbound Student Exchange (Exchange Diplomacy): China Foreign Affairs Yearbooks

Content Sharing Partnerships (Informational Diplomacy): Emily Feng (2018). China and the world: how Beijing spreads the message. July 12. Financial Times. Retrieved from: https://on.ft.com/2NMw74w

Technical Assistance: Open-source data collection

For questions about the dashboard, please contact info@aiddata.org.

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